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Active UID How an active UID identifies a usable participant slot within a Bittensor subnet. Activity Cutoff How activity cutoff names validator inactivity tolerance before stake is masked out of Yuma Consensus, including the legacy fixed-block hyperparameter and the live activity cutoff factor setting under dynamic tempos. Activity Cutoff Factor How the activity cutoff factor subnet hyperparameter expresses validator inactivity tolerance in per-mille epochs so the effective window scales with tempo.

Wallets

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Address Poisoning Scams How lookalike wallet addresses can mislead Bittensor users during routine wallet transactions.
Bittensor Wallet How a Bittensor wallet names the identity and ownership container for coldkeys, hotkeys, and stake in Bittensor operations.
Bittensor Wallets What a Bittensor wallet is, what it stores, and how it is used to prove identity and sign transactions on the network.
Coldkey and Hotkey Workstation Security How Bittensor separates permissionless devices, hotkey servers, proxy coldkeys, and primary coldkey custody when thinking about workstation risk.
Coldkey Swap How a coldkey swap migrates a Bittensor wallet's entire on-chain identity to a new coldkey through a staged, disputable on-chain process.
Coldkey Swap Announcement Delay How the coldkey swap announcement delay sets the mandatory waiting window in blocks between announcing a coldkey swap and when that swap can finalize.
Coldkeys (Bittensor) The security-critical key that controls TAO and stake; used for financial transactions like stake, unstake, and transfers.
EdDSA Cryptographic Keypairs How EdDSA cryptographic keypairs fit Bittensor wallet-key terminology.
Encrypting the Hotkey How encrypting a Bittensor hotkey protects local hotkey material while preserving the hotkey's operational role.
External Wallet How an external wallet refers to wallet software or custody outside the local Bittensor wallet path.
H160 Address How H160 addresses identify Ethereum-style wallets in Bittensor EVM, and why they should not be confused with SS58 coldkey or hotkey addresses.
Hotkey Swap How a hotkey swap moves Bittensor subnet participation from one hotkey to another hotkey owned by the same coldkey.
Hotkeys (Bittensor) The operational key used by miners, validators, and subnet actors to register, submit weights, and perform day-to-day on-chain actions.
Invalid Recovered Public Key How the InvalidRecoveredPublicKey error signals that an EVM key association recovered a valid public key, but that key did not match the claimed EVM address.
Ledger Hardware Wallet How a Ledger hardware wallet fits into Bittensor coldkey custody, wallet-app signing, staking, transfers, proxy setup, and address verification.
Local Wallet How a local wallet refers to Bittensor wallet files kept on a user's machine.
Mnemonic How a mnemonic represents a wallet recovery phrase in Bittensor key management.
Moving Stake How moving stake changes the hotkey and/or subnet that holds a staked position in a single atomic operation, used when a participant rearranges an existing staked position without withdrawing to a coldkey.
Multisig Wallets How a Bittensor multisig wallet distributes control of a coldkey across several signatories, requiring a threshold of approvals before an action can go ahead.
NaCl Format How NaCl Format fits Bittensor wallet-file security terminology.
Phishing How phishing tricks a Bittensor user into revealing a wallet's seed phrase, and why that recovery phrase is the prize.
Polkadot Vault How Polkadot Vault fits into Bittensor coldkey custody, air-gapped signing, QR transaction transport, Subtensor extrinsic support, and proxy-oriented key operations.
Private Key How private key names the protected side of a Bittensor cryptographic key pair used for authorization.
Proxy Wallets Proxy wallets let one Bittensor account perform limited actions for another, helping reduce how often a high-value wallet must be used directly.
Public Key How a public key fits Bittensor wallet-key terminology as the shareable side of a cryptographic keypair.
Pure Proxies Pure proxies are keyless Bittensor accounts used as stable stand-ins, especially in multisig designs where the people behind a shared wallet may change.
Regenerating a Key How regenerating a key relates to recovering Bittensor wallet key material.
Seed Phrase How a seed phrase names the human-readable recovery words that can restore Bittensor wallet key access.
Seed Phrase Security How Bittensor wallet recovery phrases relate to wallet access, loss risk, and disclosure risk.
Signatory How a signatory is one participant in a multisig wallet who can propose or approve actions under the wallet's threshold rule.
SS58 Encoded How SS58 encoded values represent public-key-derived wallet addresses in Bittensor.
Token Bridging How token bridging connects TAO between Substrate (SS58) and EVM (H160) account contexts on the Bittensor chain, and how vTAO represents staked TAO inside the EVM layer.
Transfer How transfers describe sending TAO between wallet addresses in Bittensor.
Transferring Stake How transferring stake changes the coldkey that owns a staked position, used when a participant reassigns staked tokens to a different coldkey.
Unable To Recover Public Key How the UnableToRecoverPublicKey error signals that associating an EVM address with a hotkey failed because the chain could not recover a valid public key from the submitted signature.
Wallet Address How wallet addresses identify public-key-derived TAO destinations in Bittensor.
Wallet Applications How wallet applications provide the software layer for viewing Bittensor wallet state, preparing transactions, and connecting custody devices without being the wallet identity itself.
Wallet Location How wallet location describes where Bittensor wallet files are stored on a user's machine.
Wallets, Coldkeys, and Hotkeys Understanding Bittensor wallets and the roles of coldkeys and hotkeys for security, identity, and operations.

Subnets

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Active UID How an active UID identifies a usable participant slot within a Bittensor subnet.
Activity Cutoff How activity cutoff names validator inactivity tolerance before stake is masked out of Yuma Consensus, including the legacy fixed-block hyperparameter and the live activity cutoff factor setting under dynamic tempos.
Activity Cutoff Factor How the activity cutoff factor subnet hyperparameter expresses validator inactivity tolerance in per-mille epochs so the effective window scales with tempo.
Adjustment Interval How the adjustment interval subnet hyperparameter sets the block window used to recalibrate the dynamic registration burn cost against the subnet's target registration rate.
Admin Freeze Window How the admin freeze window blocks subnet owner operations during the final blocks of each epoch so hyperparameters cannot change just before validators submit weights.
Alpha Distribution Ratio How Alpha Distribution Ratio frames distributed subnet alpha against pool-injected alpha in Dynamic TAO.
Alpha Halving How alpha halving reduces a subnet's alpha-token emission rate at subnet-specific supply milestones.
Alpha High How alpha high sets the upper bound of the liquid alpha range that varies how quickly validator-miner bonds smooth based on consensus alignment.
Alpha Low How alpha low sets the lower bound of the liquid alpha range that varies how quickly validator-miner bonds smooth based on consensus alignment.
Alpha Outstanding How alpha outstanding describes subnet alpha held outside the reserve pool in Bittensor tokenomics.
Alpha Price How alpha price is derived from a subnet's TAO reserve and alpha reserve in Dynamic TAO.
Alpha Reserve How alpha reserve tracks subnet alpha held inside a subnet liquidity pool rather than outside the pool.
Alpha Sigmoid Steepness How the alpha sigmoid steepness subnet hyperparameter shapes how sharply liquid alpha responds to validator consensus alignment when smoothing validator-miner bonds in Yuma Consensus.
Alpha Tokens How Bittensor uses subnet-specific alpha tokens in emissions, staking, and subnet liquidity pools.
Arbitrage How arbitrageurs profit from alpha price differences across Bittensor subnet pools or between on-chain and outside markets, and how that trading keeps pool prices aligned.
Axon How axon names the server-side endpoint in Bittensor subnet request and response communication.
Bittensor Emissions How Bittensor emissions connect newly created TAO and subnet alpha tokens to subnet incentives, validators, miners, and stakers.
Bittensor Platform Components A concise map of Bittensor's major platform pieces: subnets, blockchain, TAO, roles, tools, and network environments.
Blockchain Validator vs Subnet Validator How Bittensor distinguishes network-level blockchain validators from subnet-level validators.
Bonds Moving Average How the bonds moving average subnet hyperparameter configures the moving-average smoothing applied to validator-miner bonds in Yuma Consensus.
Bonds Penalty How the bonds penalty subnet hyperparameter sets the magnitude of the consensus penalty applied when validator weights exceed the subnet consensus benchmark in Yuma Consensus.
Bonds Reset Enabled How the bonds reset enabled subnet hyperparameter decides whether validator-miner bonds for a hotkey can be cleared, with resets triggered through metadata commitment.
Burn Cost How burn cost names the dynamic recycled-TAO amount required to create a Bittensor subnet.
Burn Half Life How the burn half life subnet hyperparameter sets the decay horizon, in blocks, over which a subnet's dynamic registration burn cost falls back toward its floor between registrations.
Burn Increase Mult How the burn increase mult subnet hyperparameter raises a subnet's dynamic registration burn cost each time a registration succeeds, making registration more expensive as demand rises.
Coinbase How the Bittensor coinbase mechanism injects liquidity, accumulates pending emissions, and triggers Yuma Consensus every block.
Commit Reveal Period How the commit reveal period subnet hyperparameter sets how many tempos must elapse before committed validator weights are revealed under the commit-reveal weight scheme.
Commit Reveal Weights Enabled How the commit reveal weights enabled subnet hyperparameter turns on the commit-reveal weight scheme that conceals validator weights before reveal.
Crowdloans How a Bittensor crowdloan lets contributors collectively fund an extrinsic execution or transfer, commonly for subnet creation.
Dendrite How dendrite names the client-side request component used with axons in Bittensor subnet communication.
Deregistration How deregistration removes a low-performing Bittensor subnet entrant when subnet capacity and replacement rules apply.
Digital Commodities How Bittensor subnets define useful digital work for miners to produce and validators to evaluate.
EMA How an exponential moving average smooths values over time by weighting recent observations more heavily, the technique Bittensor uses to update validator-miner bonds across epochs.
EMA Price Halving Period How the EMA price halving period hyperparameter sets the halving term in a subnet's moving-price EMA, controlling how quickly that price adapts to the spot price.
Emission Split How a subnet's alpha emission is divided each tempo, with documented shares of 41% to miners, 41% to validators and their stakers, and 18% to the subnet owner.
Epoch How an epoch marks a Bittensor subnet's consensus period.
Hotkey Swap On Subnet Interval How the hotkey swap on subnet interval sets the per-subnet cooldown a hotkey swap must respect, the longer of the two rate limits that gate swapping a hotkey.
Immune Owner Uids Limit How the immune owner uids limit subnet hyperparameter caps how many neurons on a subnet may be marked as owner-immune.
Immunity Period How an immunity period gives a new Bittensor subnet entrant temporary protection from deregistration.
Incentive Mechanism How an incentive mechanism connects subnet work, validator evaluation, and emission outcomes in Bittensor.
Kappa How the kappa subnet hyperparameter sets the stake-weighted majority ratio Yuma Consensus uses to derive the consensus clipping threshold for miner weights.
Last Update How the last update value records the block of a neuron's most recent update, and how it combines with activity cutoff to decide whether the neuron is active.
Liquid Alpha Enabled How the liquid alpha enabled toggle decides whether a subnet uses a single fixed bond-smoothing alpha or a consensus-driven alpha that varies between the alpha low and alpha high bounds.
Liquidity Positions How liquidity positions supply range-based subnet liquidity around TAO and subnet alpha pools.
Liquidity Provider Rewards How a Bittensor liquidity provider earns trading fees from staking activity in its price range, and why it cannot earn from its own trades.
Lock Reduction Interval How the lock reduction interval parameter sets the block span over which the dynamic subnet creation cost halves as it decays toward the minimum lock cost.
Max Allowed UIDs How the max allowed UIDs subnet hyperparameter sets the ceiling on how many neurons a Bittensor subnet can hold.
Max Burn How the max burn subnet hyperparameter caps the dynamic TAO burn required to register a neuron on a subnet.
Max Registrations Per Block How the max registrations per block subnet hyperparameter named a per-block cap on neuron registrations under older registration models.
Max UIDs Trimming Rate Limit How the UID trimming rate limit caps how often a subnet owner can trim UIDs, locking the subnet's UID count for roughly 30 days after each trim.
Max Validators How the max validators subnet hyperparameter caps how many validators a subnet allows, which bounds how many validator permits it issues.
Mechanism Count How the mechanism count subnet hyperparameter sets how many incentive mechanisms a Bittensor subnet runs.
Mechanism Emission Split How the mechanism emission split subnet hyperparameter allocates emission shares across multiple mechanisms on one subnet.
Metagraph How the Bittensor metagraph describes subnet neuron state at a particular block height.
Min Allowed UIDs How the min allowed UIDs subnet hyperparameter sets the minimum UID count for a subnet and acts as the floor that owner UID trimming cannot reduce a subnet below.
Min Allowed Weights How the min allowed weights subnet hyperparameter sets the fewest weights a validator must assign when it submits weights on a subnet.
Min Burn How the min burn subnet hyperparameter sets the floor on the dynamic TAO burn required to register a neuron on a subnet.
Min Non Immune Uids How the min non immune uids subnet hyperparameter sets the minimum number of non-immune UIDs that must remain on a subnet.
Miner Deregistration How miner deregistration removes a low-performing Bittensor subnet miner from a UID slot when a subnet needs room for a new registration.
Miner Registration How miner registration names the process that gives a Bittensor subnet miner a UID slot so the miner can participate in subnet work and emissions.
Multiple Incentive Mechanisms How multiple incentive mechanisms distinguish separate evaluation systems within one Bittensor subnet.
Netuid How a netuid identifies a subnet context inside Bittensor.
Network Min Lock Cost How the network min lock cost global setting sets the floor on the TAO lock cost required to register a new subnet, separate from the dynamic cost that rises with demand.
Network Pow Registration Allowed Why the network pow registration allowed subnet hyperparameter is not used for neuron registration, since registration on Bittensor subnets is burn-based and always open.
Network Rate Limit How the network rate limit global setting paces how often a new subnet can be registered on Bittensor, expressed as the minimum block interval between successful subnet creations.
Network Registration Allowed How the network registration allowed global setting determines whether new neurons can register on a subnet, gating subnet admission at the network layer separate from subnet owner controls.
Network Tx Rate Limit Exceeded How the NetworkTxRateLimitExceeded error signals that subnet creation was attempted before the network-wide subnet-registration cooldown had elapsed.
Neuron How a neuron represents a registered participant inside a Bittensor subnet.
Off-Chain Validation Systems How off-chain validation systems describe subnet-specific miner evaluation before Bittensor consensus uses validator weight signals.
Owner Cut Auto Lock Enabled How the owner cut auto lock enabled subnet hyperparameter decides whether a subnet owner's distributed emission cut is auto-locked as conviction stake or received as free stake.
Owner Cut Enabled How the owner cut enabled subnet hyperparameter switches whether a subnet owner receives their cut of emissions at all, separate from how large that cut is.
Owner Hyperparam Rate Limit How the owner hyperparam rate limit sets the cooldown a subnet owner must wait between hyperparameter changes, measured as a multiple of the subnet's tempo.
Price Discovery How a Bittensor subnet's alpha price is discovered through trading in its pool, emerging from buying and selling rather than being assigned.
Protocol Alpha How protocol alpha names subnet alpha accumulated by the Bittensor protocol itself during reserve injection, settled pro-rata when a subnet dissolves.
Pruning Score How the pruning score expresses the principle that a place in a subnet is held by earning, with the least-rewarded participant the first to make way.
Rank How rank summarizes consensus-adjusted miner evaluation in Bittensor subnets.
Recycle Or Burn How the recycle or burn subnet hyperparameter decides whether miner emission routed to burn UIDs is recycled through issuance accounting or burned as missing supply.
Register How register names the subnet-entry process that gives a Bittensor participant a UID slot after a dynamic registration burn.
Registration Allowed How the registration allowed subnet hyperparameter controls whether new neurons can register on a subnet.
Reserve Ratio How a subnet reserve ratio relates TAO reserves and alpha reserves in Bittensor's subnet pools.
Root Staker How a root staker names a TAO holder who stakes on the Root Subnet through validators.
Root Subnet How the Root Subnet, also called Subnet Zero, provides a subnet-agnostic staking path.
Root Validator How a root validator names the validator role on the Root Subnet, where TAO stake is not tied to one mining subnet.
Serving Rate Limit How the serving rate limit subnet hyperparameter paces how often miners can register or update axon and prometheus endpoint information on a Bittensor subnet.
Stake Threshold How the global stake threshold root parameter sets the minimum stake weight a neuron needs before it can be considered for a validator permit during the epoch.
Start Call How a start call activates a newly created Bittensor subnet so it begins its first emission period.
Subnet How a Bittensor subnet organizes a specialized market for digital work, miner production, and validator evaluation.
Subnet 1: Apex Apex is Bittensor's first subnet, operated by Macrocosmos, running open competitions where miners submit Python algorithms that validators continuously benchmark for rewards.
Subnet 2: DSperse DSperse is Bittensor Subnet 2. Its on-chain identity describes it as verifiable and distributed inference, and its repository presents the subnet as a Proof-of-Inference network.
Subnet 3: Deprecated Subnet 3 is a Bittensor subnet slot whose on-chain identity is registered as deprecated, with placeholder values for its GitHub and URL fields and no active public codebase.
Subnet 4: Targon Targon is Bittensor Subnet 4, a confidential-compute subnet for protected AI infrastructure.
Subnet 5: Hone Hone is Bittensor Subnet 5, an ARC-AGI-2 reasoning subnet that evaluates solver repositories in a secure GPU sandbox.
Subnet 6: Numinous Numinous is a Bittensor forecasting protocol that pits miners' Python agents against real-world prediction events, scoring them by Brier Score inside isolated Docker sandboxes.
Subnet 7: Allways Allways is a Bittensor subnet enabling trustless native asset swaps across independent blockchains, using a collateral-and-slashing smart contract to coordinate miners as market makers and validators as independent verifiers.
Subnet 8: Vanta Vanta is a Bittensor subnet that runs a decentralized trading competition, scoring miners on the verified risk-adjusted performance of their directional signals across forex, crypto, and equities markets.
Subnet 9: iota iota is a Bittensor subnet that incentivizes permissionless, pipeline-parallel pretraining of large language models by rewarding miners for the volume of valid activation work they contribute to a shared training run.
Subnet 10: Swap Swap is a Bittensor subnet that rewards liquidity providers on TaoFi's TAO/USDC concentrated liquidity pool in proportion to the trading fees their positions earn each epoch.
Subnet 11: TrajectoryRL TrajectoryRL is Bittensor Subnet 11. Its on-chain identity describes the subnet as agentic RL as a service, and its official repository presents it as a continuous competition for producing installable AI agent skills.
Subnet 12: Compute Horde Compute Horde is a Bittensor subnet that decentralizes GPU compute resources, enabling validators across the network to run AI workloads on miner-provided hardware verified through synthetic and organic job scoring.
Subnet 13: Data Universe Data Universe is a Bittensor subnet operated by Macrocosmos that incentivizes miners to scrape and store real-time social media data, building a distributed open dataset that validators score on volume, freshness, and diversity.
Subnet 14: Cacheon Cacheon is a Bittensor subnet that runs a live competition where miners submit optimized inference servers for open-source LLMs, scored against a baseline on speed and correctness.
Subnet 15: ORO ORO is a Bittensor subnet that benchmarks autonomous AI shopping agents on real-world e-commerce tasks, scoring miners on product search accuracy, recommendation quality, and format correctness using a standardized evaluation dataset.
Subnet 16: BitAds BitAds is a Bittensor subnet that runs a decentralized proof-of-sale marketing network, rewarding miners for verified sales they drive for merchandiser campaigns and scoring them on revenue, order volume, and low refund rates.
Subnet 17: 404-GEN 404-GEN is a Bittensor subnet running a decentralized 3D content generation competition where miners submit AI-generated models from text prompts and validators score them via pairwise vision-language model duels.
Subnet 18: Zeus Zeus is a Bittensor subnet operated by Orpheus-AI that rewards miners for producing accurate global weather and climate forecasts, evaluated by validators against ERA5 reanalysis ground truth on both short-term and 15-day horizons.
Subnet 19: blockmachine Blockmachine is a decentralized marketplace for verifiable blockchain RPC infrastructure, where miners earn Bittensor emissions by serving authenticated requests rated for correctness by independent validators.
Subnet 20: GroundLayer GroundLayer is a Bittensor subnet that provides structured, on-chain OTC deals for subnet alpha tokens, connecting subnet operators, fund managers, and institutional investors.
Subnet 21: AdTAO AdTAO is a Bittensor subnet that runs a verifiable prediction market for Google Ads campaign outcomes, rewarding miners for calibrated probabilistic forecasts of advertising intervention effects anchored on chain.
Subnet 22: Desearch Desearch is Bittensor Subnet 22, a search-focused subnet for live web, X/Twitter, and multi-source data retrieval.
Subnet 23: Trishool Trishool is Bittensor Subnet 23, an AI alignment protocol; its on-chain identity registers the project name as Trishool.
Subnet 24: Quasar Quasar is Bittensor Subnet 24, focused on long-context model training and evaluation through public model commitments.
Subnet 25: Mainframe Mainframe is Bittensor Subnet 25, a decentralized science subnet focused on scientific compute for life-sciences workloads.
Subnet 26: Perturb Perturb is Bittensor Subnet 26, an adversarial-robustness subnet where miners return bounded image perturbations for validator-created challenges.
Subnet 27: Team TBC Team TBC is Bittensor Subnet 27. The on-chain identity lists the subnet name as Team TBC; all other identity fields are currently blank.
Subnet 28: gm gm is Bittensor Subnet 28, a subnet slot whose live Finney identity registers contact, website, and the description 'say gm to AI.'
Subnet 29: Coldint Coldint is Bittensor Subnet 29, a collaborative distributed-training subnet focused on model training research and incremental model improvements.
Subnet 30: Endure Network Endure Network is Bittensor Subnet 30, a risk intelligence network with public project materials at endure.network and docs.endure.network.
Subnet 31: rec4ll rec4ll is Bittensor Subnet 31, a decentralized retrieval-augmented generation network where miners serve embeddings, vector search, and inference, and validators score retrieval and answer quality.
Subnet 32: ItsAI ItsAI is Bittensor Subnet 32, an AI text-detection subnet; its on-chain identity registers the project name as ItsAI.
Subnet 33: ReadyAI ReadyAI is Bittensor Subnet 33, a subnet that rewards miners for turning raw conversation data into structured, semantically tagged data.
Subnet 34: BitMind BitMind is Bittensor Subnet 34, the Generative Adversarial Subnet where detection miners and generation miners compete around synthetic media.
Subnet 35: OxMarkets OxMarkets is Bittensor Subnet 35, a liquidity-focused subnet where validators score miner positions and publish weights for the network.
Subnet 36: Eirel Eirel is Bittensor Subnet 36, an execution layer for multimodal AI workflows that connects miner agents with validator evaluation.
Subnet 37: Aurelius Aurelius is Bittensor Subnet 37, a subnet that rewards miners for moral-reasoning scenarios that are simulated and turned into alignment training data.
Subnet 38: ChronoLLM ChronoLLM is Bittensor Subnet 38; its on-chain identity registers the subnet for competitive training of chronologically consistent large language models.
Subnet 39: Deprecated Subnet 39 is a Bittensor subnet slot whose live Finney identity is registered as deprecated, with placeholder project metadata rather than an active public protocol description.
Subnet 40: ? Subnet 40 is a Bittensor subnet whose live Finney identity now shows a placeholder '?' name; all other identity fields — description, GitHub, URL, and Discord — are blank.
Subnet 41: Almanac Almanac is Bittensor Subnet 41, an incentivized market-intelligence subnet where miners submit prediction signals and validators score trading performance.
Subnet 42: Unknown Subnet 42 is a Bittensor subnet slot whose live Finney identity is registered as Unknown, with no public GitHub repository, website, contact, Discord, description, logo, or additional metadata.
Subnet 43: Graphite Graphite is Bittensor Subnet 43, a subnet that rewards miners for solving graph optimization problems such as the Traveling Salesman Problem.
Subnet 44: Score Score is Bittensor Subnet 44, a subnet that rewards miners for models that turn live video and imagery into structured, decision-ready data.
Subnet 45: Talisman AI Talisman AI is Bittensor Subnet 45, a perception subnet that rewards miners for analyzing social media posts into structured, verified market signals.
Subnet 46: Zipcode Zipcode is Bittensor Subnet 46, a real-estate intelligence subnet where miners submit residential property price-prediction models and validators score them against sales data.
Subnet 47: EvolAI EvolAI is Bittensor Subnet 47, a subnet that runs a continuous competition to train small language models, scoring them against a reference model each round.
Subnet 48: Quantum Compute Quantum Compute is Bittensor Subnet 48, a quantum-computing subnet where miners provide access to gate-model quantum computers and validators coordinate circuit execution jobs.
Subnet 49: Nepher Robotics Nepher Robotics is Bittensor Subnet 49, a robotics tournament where miners submit trained control policies that validators evaluate in simulation.
Subnet 50: Synth Synth is Bittensor Subnet 50, a predictive-intelligence subnet where miners submit probabilistic price-path forecasts and validators score them against realized market movements.
Subnet 51: lium.io lium.io is Bittensor Subnet 51, a decentralized GPU rental marketplace where miners contribute GPU machines that renters pay to use.
Subnet 52: Dojo Dojo is Bittensor Subnet 52, a Tensorplex Labs subnet that runs a competitive, decentralized GAN where miners both produce and judge work.
Subnet 53: EfficientFrontier EfficientFrontier is Bittensor Subnet 53, a financial-trading subnet focused on risk-weighted crypto trading strategies and live trading data.
Subnet 54: Yanez MIID Yanez MIID is Bittensor Subnet 54, a subnet that rewards miners for generating identity-variation data used to test fraud-detection and KYC screening systems.
Subnet 55: NIOME NIOME is Bittensor Subnet 55, a subnet that rewards miners for generating privacy-preserving synthetic genomic data for biomedical research.
Subnet 56: Gradients Gradients is Bittensor Subnet 56, an AutoML tournament subnet where miners submit open-source training methods and validators execute them on standardized infrastructure.
Subnet 57: Unknown Subnet 57 is a live Bittensor subnet whose SubnetIdentitiesV3 record is null on Finney; no project name, repository, website, or description is registered on-chain.
Subnet 58: Pending Subnet 58 is a Bittensor subnet whose live Finney identity is registered with the placeholder name Pending; all other identity fields are currently blank.
Subnet 59: Babelbit Babelbit is Bittensor Subnet 59, a subnet that runs competitions to build a real-time speech-to-speech interpreter that reads well under low latency.
Subnet 60: Bitsec.ai Bitsec.ai is Bittensor Subnet 60, a security subnet where miners submit autonomous agents that analyze code for vulnerabilities and validators score them in a sandbox.
Subnet 61: RedTeam RedTeam is Bittensor Subnet 61, a subnet that rewards miners for original code solutions to competitive cybersecurity challenges.
Subnet 62: Ridges Ridges is Bittensor Subnet 62, a subnet where miners submit autonomous software-engineering agents that fix code, evaluated in a sandbox.
Subnet 63: Enigma Enigma is Bittensor Subnet 63, a decentralized challenge platform that funds prize pools for breaking cryptographic systems and other deep-tech targets.
Subnet 64: Chutes Chutes is Bittensor Subnet 64, a serverless AI compute platform where miners provide GPUs that run developers' applications, such as model inference, on demand.
Subnet 65: TAO Private Network TAO Private Network is Bittensor Subnet 65, a decentralized VPN where operators provide geographically diverse connections in exchange for emissions.
Subnet 66: ninja ninja is Bittensor Subnet 66, a software-agent distillation subnet where miners submit coding agents and validators compare challengers against the current leading agent.
Subnet 67: Harnyx Harnyx is Bittensor Subnet 67, a deep-research subnet where miners build agents that answer research questions and are rewarded for the best-researched answers.
Subnet 68: NOVA NOVA is Bittensor Subnet 68, a drug-discovery subnet that rewards miners for proposing molecules and protein sequences predicted to bind strongly to target proteins.
Subnet 69: ? Subnet 69 is a Bittensor subnet with a registered on-chain identity whose name field is set to the placeholder '?'; all other identity fields — description, GitHub, URL, and Discord — are filled with placeholder values.
Subnet 70: NexisGen NexisGen is Bittensor Subnet 70, a data subnet where miners build captioned video-clip datasets and validators verify that the data is genuine and well-formed before rewarding the miners.
Subnet 71: Leadpoet Leadpoet is Bittensor Subnet 71, a decentralized AI sales-agent subnet for lead generation, where miners surface companies and enriched leads matching a buyer's profile and validators score them on fit, accuracy, and intent evidence.
Subnet 72: StreetVision by NATIX StreetVision by NATIX is Bittensor Subnet 72, a street-imagery computer-vision subnet where miners build models that detect features such as roadwork and validators score them on accuracy.
Subnet 73: Parked Subnet 73 is a Bittensor subnet slot whose live Finney identity is registered as Parked, with no public repository, website, contact, or description currently listed.
Subnet 74: Gittensor Gittensor is Bittensor Subnet 74, an open-source contribution subnet that rewards meaningful merged pull requests to recognized repositories.
Subnet 75: Hippius Hippius is Bittensor Subnet 75, a blockchain-backed cloud subnet for decentralized storage, virtual machines, and applications.
Subnet 76: Byzantium Subnet 76 is a Bittensor subnet whose live Finney identity is registered as Byzantium, with a public website, repository, Discord, and the description 'Leverage marketing with AI Swarm.'
Subnet 77: Liquidity Liquidity is Bittensor Subnet 77, a subnet where token-holder votes steer liquidity incentives and miners compete by supplying liquidity to selected decentralized-exchange pools.
Subnet 78: Vocence Vocence is Bittensor Subnet 78, a voice-AI subnet where miners build models that turn written prompts into speech and validators score the audio on accuracy, quality, and voice match.
Subnet 79: MVTRX MVTRX is Bittensor Subnet 79, a market-simulation subnet where miners run trading-strategy agents in a simulated market and are rewarded for risk-adjusted performance, producing market research data.
Subnet 80: DogeLayer DogeLayer is Bittensor Subnet 80, a Scrypt mining subnet where miners contribute LTC/DOGE hashrate and validators weight miner contributions.
Subnet 81: Deprecated Subnet 81 is a Bittensor subnet slot whose live Finney identity is registered as deprecated, with placeholder project metadata rather than an active public protocol description.
Subnet 82: Compelle Compelle is Bittensor Subnet 82, an adversarial-persuasion subnet where miners submit debate strategies and validators score debate performance.
Subnet 83: CliqueAI CliqueAI is Bittensor Subnet 83, where miners solve maximum clique graph problems and validators score submitted cliques for validity, size, and solution diversity.
Subnet 84: ? Subnet 84 is a Bittensor subnet whose live Finney identity now shows a placeholder '?' name; all other identity fields — description, GitHub, URL, and Discord — are blank.
Subnet 85: Vidaio Vidaio is Bittensor Subnet 85, an AI video-processing subnet where miners upscale and compress video and validators score the results on objective quality before rewarding the best output.
Subnet 86: ⚒ ⚒ is Bittensor Subnet 86. The on-chain identity lists the subnet name as ⚒; the GitHub, URL, and Discord fields are blank.
Subnet 87: unknown Subnet 87 is a Bittensor subnet whose live Finney identity lists the name as 'unknown'; the description, GitHub, URL, and Discord fields are all blank.
Subnet 88: Investing Investing is Bittensor Subnet 88, a decentralized asset-management subnet where participants submit and compete on portfolio strategies across supported asset classes.
Subnet 89: InfiniteQuant InfiniteQuant is Bittensor Subnet 89, a trading-signals subnet where miners commit encrypted directional trade calls and validators grade them on real market data.
Subnet 90: ? Subnet 90 is a Bittensor subnet with a registered on-chain identity whose name field is set to the placeholder '?'; all other identity fields — description, GitHub, URL, and Discord — are filled with placeholder values.
Subnet 91: Bitstarter #1 Subnet 91 is a Bittensor subnet slot whose live Finney identity is registered as Bitstarter #1, with launch-oriented metadata and no public repository currently listed.
Subnet 92: wgmi wgmi is Bittensor Subnet 92, a subnet registered on-chain under the name wgmi with all other public identity fields — URL, GitHub, Discord, and description — blank.
Subnet 93: Bitcast Bitcast is Bittensor Subnet 93, a creator-economy subnet where miners publish YouTube videos that fulfill brand briefs and validators verify real audience engagement before rewards are paid.
Subnet 94: BitSota BitSota is Bittensor Subnet 94, a decentralized research network where miners automatically evolve machine-learning algorithms to beat a benchmark and validators independently re-evaluate the results.
Subnet 95: Actual Actual is Bittensor Subnet 95, operated by Actual Computer Inc. The on-chain description registers the subnet as a heterogeneous inference network.
Subnet 96: Verathos Verathos is Bittensor Subnet 96, a decentralized compute network where miners run AI inference and attach cryptographic proofs that the computation was correct, which validators verify cheaply before rewarding honest work.
Subnet 97: Albedo Albedo is Bittensor Subnet 97, a king-of-the-hill competition where miners submit challenger language models that are judged head-to-head against a reigning champion, with full match transcripts published for research.
Subnet 98: ForeverMoney ForeverMoney is Bittensor Subnet 98, an automated liquidity-management subnet where miners propose pool-rebalancing strategies and validators score them through forward simulations, executing the winners on-chain.
Subnet 99: Leoma Leoma is Bittensor Subnet 99, an AI video subnet where miners run text-image-to-video models and validators score the generated clips, setting winner-take-all weights on-chain each round.
Subnet 100: Plaτform Plaτform is Bittensor Subnet 100, an auto-research subnet where miners compete against a synthetic benchmark; its on-chain identity registers the name as Plaτform.
Subnet 101: Tag101 Tag101 is Bittensor Subnet 101, a decentralized social post tagging subnet where miners submit labels for X posts and validators evaluate them, turning content labeling into a rewarded network service.
Subnet 102: ConnitoAI ConnitoAI is Bittensor Subnet 102, a subnet for collaborative AI training where many contributors each train a specialized expert and the experts are combined into one larger model.
Subnet 103: Djinn Djinn is Bittensor Subnet 103, a marketplace for analysis where the predictions you buy stay private and each seller's accuracy is provable from a tamper-proof record.
Subnet 104: For Sale Subnet 104 is a Bittensor subnet slot whose live Finney identity marks it as for sale, with no registered public repository, website, contact, or Discord.
Subnet 105: Beam Beam is Bittensor Subnet 105, a decentralized bandwidth subnet for coordinating machine-to-machine data transfers across distributed participants.
Subnet 106: Nodexo Nodexo is Bittensor Subnet 106, registered on Finney with the description 'tokenized ai compute' and no publicly accessible project site or GitHub repository at the time of writing.
Subnet 107: Minos Minos is Bittensor Subnet 107, a genomics subnet where miners tune variant-calling pipelines to find hidden mutations in synthetic genomes and validators run their configs to score the accuracy.
Subnet 108: TalkHead TalkHead is Bittensor Subnet 108, a talking-head video subnet where miners submit face-animation models and validators score them on a shared benchmark in a secure GPU environment.
Subnet 109: Academia Academia is Bittensor Subnet 109, an incubator that develops new subnet ideas inside a single subnet and graduates the strongest ones into their own dedicated subnets.
Subnet 110: Green Compute Green Compute is Bittensor Subnet 110, a decentralized GPU-compute subnet focused on inference hardware powered by verified green energy.
Subnet 111: Claims Claims is Bittensor Subnet 111; its on-chain identity registers the subnet for turning scientific literature into a structured claim-evidence graph.
Subnet 112: Minotaur Minotaur is Bittensor Subnet 112, a swap intent-solving and DEX aggregation subnet where miners compete to fill token-swap requests on the best terms and validators simulate and score the result.
Subnet 113: TensorUSD TensorUSD is Bittensor Subnet 113, which runs the liquidation auctions and price oracle behind a reserve-backed stablecoin designed for 1:1 US dollar redeemability within Bittensor.
Subnet 114: SOMA SOMA is Bittensor Subnet 114, which rewards miners for building Model Context Protocol (MCP) servers that let AI agents securely use external tools, data, and execution environments.
Subnet 115: HashiChain HashiChain is Bittensor Subnet 115, a subnet whose public materials describe an agent-oriented Layer 1 design for probabilistic coordination between autonomous AI agents.
Subnet 116: Unknown Subnet 116 is a Bittensor subnet with no registered on-chain identity. All identity fields — name, description, GitHub repository, URL, and Discord — are absent from the Finney chain.
Subnet 117: Unknown Subnet 117 is registered on Finney with the subnet name Unknown and a GitHub field for helionlink/Chi; the description, URL, and Discord fields are set to placeholder tilde values.
Subnet 118: Ditto Ditto is Bittensor Subnet 118, an open-source assistant-memory subnet whose public materials focus on persistent memory and agent integrations for Claude-style cowork.
Subnet 119: Satori Satori is Bittensor Subnet 119, an identity-backed subnet whose live Finney description presents it as a Japan-focused digital residency and AI companionship project.
Subnet 120: Affine Affine is Bittensor Subnet 120, a reasoning-mining subnet where miners submit model revisions and challengers compete against the current champion across evaluation environments.
Subnet 121: sundae_bar sundae_bar is Bittensor Subnet 121, a subnet for creating and benchmarking a generalist AI agent that can execute real business workflows.
Subnet 122: CookingTAO CookingTAO is Bittensor Subnet 122, whose on-chain identity registers the project name with the description 'Democratizing Bittensor Mining.'
Subnet 123: MANTIS MANTIS is Bittensor Subnet 123, a forecasting subnet where miners submit encrypted market-signal embeddings and validators score their salience across financial prediction challenges.
Subnet 124: Swarm Swarm is Bittensor Subnet 124, a benchmark that rewards miners for neural networks that fly simulated drones through unseen 3D environments.
Subnet 125: 8 Ball 8 Ball is Bittensor Subnet 125, a prediction-market subnet where market-maker liquidity is mapped to Bittensor miner incentives through validator scoring.
Subnet 126: Poker44 Poker44 is Bittensor Subnet 126, a subnet that rewards miners for detecting bots in online poker from hand-behavior data.
Subnet 127: Astrid Astrid is Bittensor Subnet 127, a validator-coordinated subnet where weights combine vault targets with arena competition results from trading agents.
Subnet 128: ByteLeap ByteLeap is Bittensor Subnet 128, a distributed-compute subnet where miners aggregate worker resources for compute leases and validator challenges.
Subnet Creation and Incentive Mechanisms How subnet creation turns a useful-work idea into an incentive mechanism that miners and validators can repeat on Bittensor.
Subnet Creator How a subnet creator defines the work and evaluation context for a Bittensor subnet.
Subnet Deregistration How Bittensor removes an eligible subnet when the subnet cap is full and a new subnet needs a slot.
Subnet Emission Enabled How the subnet emission enabled hyperparameter toggles a subnet's pool-side emission injection, which flows stop when it is off, and which emissions continue regardless.
Subnet Hyperparameters How Bittensor subnet hyperparameters shape subnet timing, weight flow, consensus behavior, and emission handling without defining the subnet task itself.
Subnet Is Active How the subnet is active flag indicates whether a subnet's emissions have started, separating a registered subnet slot from one that is live and emitting.
Subnet Lease How a subnet lease names the split-profit-ownership arrangement that gives a leased subnet a designated beneficiary and a set of contributor shareholders.
Subnet Liquidity Pools How Bittensor subnet pools connect paired TAO and alpha reserves to staking, unstaking, slippage, and emissions.
Subnet Markets How Bittensor subnets create markets for specialized digital work, evaluation, staking, and emissions.
Subnet Miner How a subnet miner performs the work a Bittensor subnet asks validators to evaluate.
Subnet Owner Cut How the subnet owner cut parameter sets the fixed 18% of a subnet's alpha emissions taken for the owner before the remainder is split between validators and miners.
Subnet Owner Take How a fixed share of each Bittensor subnet's alpha emissions, documented at 18 percent, goes to the subnet owner as stake.
Subnet Protocol How a subnet protocol defines the interaction rules between miners and validators.
Subnet Registration How subnet registration creates a new Bittensor subnet by paying a registration burn, assigning a unique netuid, and opening a new incentive market.
Subnet Scoring Model How a subnet scoring model defines validator evaluation of miner responses inside a Bittensor subnet.
Subnet Symbol How Bittensor denotes TAO and each subnet's alpha token with symbols, so a quantity can be tied to the subnet it belongs to.
Subnet Task How a subnet task defines the work miners produce and validators evaluate in Bittensor.
Subnet Validator How a subnet validator evaluates miner work inside a Bittensor subnet.
Subnet Weights How subnet weights describe each subnet's relative share of Bittensor emissions under the flow-based emission model.
Symbol Already In Use How the SymbolAlreadyInUse error signals that a submitted subnet symbol is valid, but another subnet is already using it.
Symbol Does Not Exist How the SymbolDoesNotExist error signals that a submitted subnet symbol is not one of the allowed symbols recognized by the chain.
Synapse How synapse names the structured message object exchanged through Bittensor subnet communication.
TAO Reserve How a TAO reserve describes the TAO held inside a subnet liquidity pool in Bittensor.
Target Registrations Per Interval How the target registrations per interval subnet hyperparameter once named a desired registration count per adjustment interval, and why documentation now marks it unused for neuron registration.
Tempo How Bittensor subnets use tempos as block-based intervals for reward distribution, weight processing, and subnet timing.
Toggle Transfer How the toggle transfer subnet hyperparameter allows or disallows transferring staked alpha between coldkeys on a subnet.
Tx Rate Limit How the tx rate limit chain parameter sets the general transaction rate limit in blocks, the cooldown that currently governs hotkey swaps and raises TxRateLimitExceeded when breached.
UID How UID names the unique identifier assigned to each participant in a Bittensor subnet.
UID Slot How a UID slot identifies a participant position inside a Bittensor subnet.
UID Trimming How a Bittensor subnet owner can trim low-emitting UIDs to shrink a subnet's participant set and compact the survivors into consecutive indices.
Validator Deregistration How validator deregistration removes a low-performing Bittensor subnet validator from a UID slot when subnet capacity and registration rules require replacement.
Validator Registration How validator registration names the process that gives a Bittensor subnet validator a UID slot after registering a hotkey with that subnet.
Validator-Miner Bonds How validator-miner bonds connect validator evaluation to smoothed subnet consensus outcomes.
Weight Setting How weight setting names the validator process of scoring miners in Bittensor subnets.
Weights Rate Limit How the weights rate limit subnet hyperparameter sets the minimum block wait between validator weight commits on a Bittensor subnet.
Weights Version Key How the weights version key subnet hyperparameter requires a validator's set_weights call to meet a minimum version before it is accepted.
Yuma Version How the yuma version subnet hyperparameter selects whether a subnet runs Yuma Consensus v2 or v3 when processing validator weights.
Yuma3 Enabled How the yuma3 enabled toggle, documented as YumaVersion, lets a subnet switch its consensus mechanism between Yuma Consensus v2 and v3.

Mining

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Autostaking How autostaking automatically routes Bittensor miner emissions into validator staking.
Axon How axon names the server-side endpoint in Bittensor subnet request and response communication.
Dendrite How dendrite names the client-side request component used with axons in Bittensor subnet communication.
Digital Commodities How Bittensor subnets define useful digital work for miners to produce and validators to evaluate.
Incentive Compatibility How Bittensor aims to make honest, high-quality contribution the most profitable strategy for miners and validators, so self-interest serves the subnet.
Incentives How incentives name the miner-facing reward portion of Bittensor emissions inside a subnet.
Miner Deregistration How miner deregistration removes a low-performing Bittensor subnet miner from a UID slot when a subnet needs room for a new registration.
Miner Incentive How miner incentive names the emission share Bittensor miners receive for their work in a subnet.
Miner Registration How miner registration names the process that gives a Bittensor subnet miner a UID slot so the miner can participate in subnet work and emissions.
Mining and Validating in Bittensor A factual overview of how miners produce subnet work, validators evaluate that work, and consensus turns validator signals into subnet emissions.
Neuron How a neuron represents a registered participant inside a Bittensor subnet.
Pruning Score How the pruning score expresses the principle that a place in a subnet is held by earning, with the least-rewarded participant the first to make way.
Serving Rate Limit How the serving rate limit subnet hyperparameter paces how often miners can register or update axon and prometheus endpoint information on a Bittensor subnet.
Subnet How a Bittensor subnet organizes a specialized market for digital work, miner production, and validator evaluation.
Subnet 1: Apex Apex is Bittensor's first subnet, operated by Macrocosmos, running open competitions where miners submit Python algorithms that validators continuously benchmark for rewards.
Subnet Creator How a subnet creator defines the work and evaluation context for a Bittensor subnet.
Subnet Miner How a subnet miner performs the work a Bittensor subnet asks validators to evaluate.
Subnet Protocol How a subnet protocol defines the interaction rules between miners and validators.
Subnet Scoring Model How a subnet scoring model defines validator evaluation of miner responses inside a Bittensor subnet.
Subnet Task How a subnet task defines the work miners produce and validators evaluate in Bittensor.
Subnet Validator How a subnet validator evaluates miner work inside a Bittensor subnet.
Synapse How synapse names the structured message object exchanged through Bittensor subnet communication.

Staking

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Alpha Staker How an alpha staker names a staker who holds subnet alpha through staking in a specific Bittensor subnet.
Autostaking How autostaking automatically routes Bittensor miner emissions into validator staking.
Child Hotkey How a child hotkey lets a parent hotkey re-delegate stake so the child validates on the parent's behalf on a subnet, without transferring ownership.
Child Hotkeys How a Bittensor delegate validator authorizes child hotkeys to validate on its behalf in a selected subnet, and how child take works.
Childkey Take How childkey take describes the subnet-specific share of dividends a child hotkey keeps when it validates on behalf of a parent hotkey.
Conviction and Locked Stake How locked stake builds conviction as a public commitment signal in Bittensor staking.
Delegate How a delegate functions as a subnet validator that receives staked TAO from delegators.
Delegate Stake How delegate stake refers to the TAO a Bittensor delegate stakes themselves.
Delegate Tx Rate Limit Exceeded How the DelegateTxRateLimitExceeded error signals that a validator tried to raise delegate take again before the delegate-take cooldown had expired.
Delegation How delegation names staking TAO to a validator to support validator stake and subnet consensus context.
Delegation Rewards How a delegator earns a share of a validator's rewards in proportion to the stake it adds, after the validator's take.
Duplicate Child How the DuplicateChild error blocks a schedule_children call that lists the same child hotkey more than once for a parent on a subnet.
Effective Stake How effective stake describes the total staked TAO associated with a delegate.
Emission How emission names Bittensor's process for creating and allocating TAO and subnet-specific alpha tokens.
Hotkey-Coldkey Pair How a hotkey-coldkey pair names the authentication pairing that links operational hotkeys to ownership coldkeys for delegates, nominators, and Senate participation.
Ledger Hardware Wallet How a Ledger hardware wallet fits into Bittensor coldkey custody, wallet-app signing, staking, transfers, proxy setup, and address verification.
Moving Stake How moving stake changes the hotkey and/or subnet that holds a staked position in a single atomic operation, used when a participant rearranges an existing staked position without withdrawing to a coldkey.
Nominate How nominate describes staking TAO with validators in Bittensor delegation terminology.
Nominator How a nominator names the TAO-holder role that stakes with validators through Bittensor delegation vocabulary.
Non Associated Cold Key How the NonAssociatedColdKey error signals that a stake, unstake, or subscribe request was signed by a coldkey that does not own the targeted hotkey account.
Price Protection How Bittensor price protection limits adverse price movement handling during staking and unstaking.
Relative Stake Weight How relative stake weight describes a validator's proportional stake-based influence inside a Bittensor subnet.
Root Claim Type How root claim type names the Keep or Swap setting for handling Root Subnet alpha dividends.
Root Claims How Bittensor root claims handle alpha dividends earned through Root Subnet staking.
Root Proportion How root proportion describes the portion of a subnet's dividend context attributed to TAO staked through the root subnet.
Root Staker How a root staker names a TAO holder who stakes on the Root Subnet through validators.
Root Subnet How the Root Subnet, also called Subnet Zero, provides a subnet-agnostic staking path.
Root Validator How a root validator names the validator role on the Root Subnet, where TAO stake is not tied to one mining subnet.
Same Netuid How the SameNetuid error blocks a move_stake, transfer_stake, or swap_stake call that would leave a staked position pointed at the same hotkey, coldkey, and subnet it already has.
Slippage How slippage affects Bittensor staking and unstaking when subnet pools convert between TAO and alpha tokens.
Stake How stake names the token amount associated with a validator position inside a Bittensor subnet.
Stake Too Low For Root How the StakeTooLowForRoot error signals that a root_register call failed to displace the lowest-staked root validator because the registering hotkey's root stake was not higher.
Stake Weight How stake weight describes validator influence inside Bittensor subnet consensus.
Staking How staking names the process of attaching TAO support to a validator in Bittensor's subnet consensus context.
Staking and Delegation (TAO) How TAO holders stake and delegate to validators using Bittensor tooling, including concepts, minimums, and operational cautions.
Staking Operation Rate Limit Exceeded How the StakingOperationRateLimitExceeded error signals that a second staking operation was attempted on a subnet before the one-per-block staking cooldown had cleared.
Staking Precompile How the staking precompile lets Ethereum-style smart contracts reach native Subtensor staking actions such as adding and removing stake on the Bittensor EVM.
Staking Proxy Attacks How delegated staking authority can become a Bittensor wallet-safety risk even without direct transfer authority over the protected wallet.
Staking vs Liquidity Provision How staking to a validator and providing liquidity to a subnet's pool are two different ways to deploy TAO, earning from emissions versus trading fees.
Subnet Stake Burn How subnet stake burn adds TAO to a subnet reserve while permanently removing alpha from circulation.
TAO The network token used in Bittensor incentive, staking, subnet reserve, and emissions context.
TAO Weight How TAO weight sets the relative role of TAO stake when Bittensor derives validator stake weight inside a subnet.
Toggle Transfer How the toggle transfer subnet hyperparameter allows or disallows transferring staked alpha between coldkeys on a subnet.
Too Many Children How the TooManyChildren error blocks a parent hotkey from having more than five child hotkeys on a subnet at once.
Transferring Stake How transferring stake changes the coldkey that owns a staked position, used when a participant reassigns staked tokens to a different coldkey.
Tx Delegate Take Rate Limit How the tx delegate take rate limit sets the block-counted cooldown that paces how often a delegate's take can be increased on chain.
Unstaking How unstaking describes removing staked TAO from a staking position in Bittensor.
Validator Dividend How validator dividend names the emission share Bittensor validators receive for their consensus role.
Validator Permit How a validator permit marks validation rights inside a Bittensor subnet.
Validator Take How validator take describes the share a validator keeps from delegated-stake emissions before the remaining emissions flow to stakers.

Consensus

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Activity Cutoff How activity cutoff names validator inactivity tolerance before stake is masked out of Yuma Consensus, including the legacy fixed-block hyperparameter and the live activity cutoff factor setting under dynamic tempos.
Activity Cutoff Factor How the activity cutoff factor subnet hyperparameter expresses validator inactivity tolerance in per-mille epochs so the effective window scales with tempo.
Alpha High How alpha high sets the upper bound of the liquid alpha range that varies how quickly validator-miner bonds smooth based on consensus alignment.
Alpha Low How alpha low sets the lower bound of the liquid alpha range that varies how quickly validator-miner bonds smooth based on consensus alignment.
Alpha Sigmoid Steepness How the alpha sigmoid steepness subnet hyperparameter shapes how sharply liquid alpha responds to validator consensus alignment when smoothing validator-miner bonds in Yuma Consensus.
Bonds Moving Average How the bonds moving average subnet hyperparameter configures the moving-average smoothing applied to validator-miner bonds in Yuma Consensus.
Bonds Penalty How the bonds penalty subnet hyperparameter sets the magnitude of the consensus penalty applied when validator weights exceed the subnet consensus benchmark in Yuma Consensus.
Collusion How colluding validators could try to skew Bittensor consensus toward favored miners, and why consensus clipping and stake weighting resist it.
Commit Reveal How Commit Reveal delays visibility of validator weight signals so recently produced weights are less useful for copying.
Commit Reveal Period How the commit reveal period subnet hyperparameter sets how many tempos must elapse before committed validator weights are revealed under the commit-reveal weight scheme.
Commit Reveal Weights Enabled How the commit reveal weights enabled subnet hyperparameter turns on the commit-reveal weight scheme that conceals validator weights before reveal.
Committing Weights Too Fast How the CommittingWeightsTooFast error signals that a validator retried a weight commit before the required commit-reveal pacing interval had elapsed.
Consensus Score How Yuma Consensus uses a consensus score to filter outlier validator weights before final rank results.
Consensus-Based Weights How liquid alpha adjusts Bittensor validator-miner bond smoothing according to consensus alignment.
Delegation How delegation names staking TAO to a validator to support validator stake and subnet consensus context.
Dividends How dividends describe the validator-side emission result produced from bonds and miner incentives in Bittensor.
Drand Time-Lock Encryption How Drand time-lock encryption supports delayed validator-weight visibility in Bittensor Commit Reveal.
EMA How an exponential moving average smooths values over time by weighting recent observations more heavily, the technique Bittensor uses to update validator-miner bonds across epochs.
Epoch How an epoch marks a Bittensor subnet's consensus period.
Exponential Moving Averages How exponential moving averages smooth Bittensor flow, bond, and reward signals across repeated updates.
Incentive Compatibility How Bittensor aims to make honest, high-quality contribution the most profitable strategy for miners and validators, so self-interest serves the subnet.
Incorrect Weight Version Key How the IncorrectWeightVersionKey error signals that a validator submitted weights with a version lower than the subnet's required weights version key.
Kappa How the kappa subnet hyperparameter sets the stake-weighted majority ratio Yuma Consensus uses to derive the consensus clipping threshold for miner weights.
Last Update How the last update value records the block of a neuron's most recent update, and how it combines with activity cutoff to decide whether the neuron is active.
Liquid Alpha How liquid alpha varies validator-miner bond EMA smoothing by pair within consensus-based weights.
Liquid Alpha Enabled How the liquid alpha enabled toggle decides whether a subnet uses a single fixed bond-smoothing alpha or a consensus-driven alpha that varies between the alpha low and alpha high bounds.
Mechanism Count How the mechanism count subnet hyperparameter sets how many incentive mechanisms a Bittensor subnet runs.
Min Allowed Weights How the min allowed weights subnet hyperparameter sets the fewest weights a validator must assign when it submits weights on a subnet.
Miner Incentive How miner incentive names the emission share Bittensor miners receive for their work in a subnet.
Owner Hyperparam Rate Limit How the owner hyperparam rate limit sets the cooldown a subnet owner must wait between hyperparameter changes, measured as a multiple of the subnet's tempo.
Rank How rank summarizes consensus-adjusted miner evaluation in Bittensor subnets.
Relative Stake Weight How relative stake weight describes a validator's proportional stake-based influence inside a Bittensor subnet.
Self-Weighting How a lone validator inflating weights for its own miners is blunted by Bittensor's stake-weighted consensus, which clips weights that depart from the broader agreement.
Setting Weights Too Fast How the SettingWeightsTooFast error signals that a validator retried weight submission before the subnet's required weights-rate-limit interval had elapsed.
Stake How stake names the token amount associated with a validator position inside a Bittensor subnet.
Stake Weight How stake weight describes validator influence inside Bittensor subnet consensus.
Staking How staking names the process of attaching TAO support to a validator in Bittensor's subnet consensus context.
Subjective Evaluation How Bittensor scores work that has no single objective answer by treating stake-weighted validator consensus as the accepted standard of quality.
Subnet Hyperparameters How Bittensor subnet hyperparameters shape subnet timing, weight flow, consensus behavior, and emission handling without defining the subnet task itself.
TAO Weight How TAO weight sets the relative role of TAO stake when Bittensor derives validator stake weight inside a subnet.
Tempo How Bittensor subnets use tempos as block-based intervals for reward distribution, weight processing, and subnet timing.
Time-Lock Encryption How time-lock encryption lets Bittensor validators commit weights that cannot be decrypted until a future point, underpinning the commit-reveal weight scheme.
Trust How Bittensor uses trust to describe miner-side support after consensus clipping.
UID How UID names the unique identifier assigned to each participant in a Bittensor subnet.
Validator Dividend How validator dividend names the emission share Bittensor validators receive for their consensus role.
Validator Trust How Bittensor uses validator trust to describe validator influence after consensus clipping.
Validator Weights How validator weights express subnet miner evaluations before Yuma Consensus filters and aggregates them.
Validator-Miner Bonds How validator-miner bonds connect validator evaluation to smoothed subnet consensus outcomes.
Weight Copying How copied validator weight information weakens independent miner evaluation in Bittensor consensus.
Weight Matrix How Bittensor groups validator weight vectors as structured input for Yuma Consensus.
Weight Setting How weight setting names the validator process of scoring miners in Bittensor subnets.
Weight Vector How a weight vector represents one validator's miner evaluations before subnet consensus.
Weights Rate Limit How the weights rate limit subnet hyperparameter sets the minimum block wait between validator weight commits on a Bittensor subnet.
Weights Version Key How the weights version key subnet hyperparameter requires a validator's set_weights call to meet a minimum version before it is accepted.
Yuma Consensus An explanation of Yuma Consensus, the Bittensor mechanism that aggregates validator weights into miner incentives and validator dividends.
Yuma Consensus 3 How Yuma Consensus 3 refines Bittensor validator-miner bonding so earlier, independent evaluations can be reflected more fairly.
Yuma Version How the yuma version subnet hyperparameter selects whether a subnet runs Yuma Consensus v2 or v3 when processing validator weights.
Yuma3 Enabled How the yuma3 enabled toggle, documented as YumaVersion, lets a subnet switch its consensus mechanism between Yuma Consensus v2 and v3.

Tokenomics

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Alpha Distribution Ratio How Alpha Distribution Ratio frames distributed subnet alpha against pool-injected alpha in Dynamic TAO.
Alpha Halving How alpha halving reduces a subnet's alpha-token emission rate at subnet-specific supply milestones.
Alpha Outstanding How alpha outstanding describes subnet alpha held outside the reserve pool in Bittensor tokenomics.
Alpha Price How alpha price is derived from a subnet's TAO reserve and alpha reserve in Dynamic TAO.
Alpha Reserve How alpha reserve tracks subnet alpha held inside a subnet liquidity pool rather than outside the pool.
Alpha Staker How an alpha staker names a staker who holds subnet alpha through staking in a specific Bittensor subnet.
Alpha Tokens How Bittensor uses subnet-specific alpha tokens in emissions, staking, and subnet liquidity pools.
Arbitrage How arbitrageurs profit from alpha price differences across Bittensor subnet pools or between on-chain and outside markets, and how that trading keeps pool prices aligned.
Back-Running How back-running orders a transaction immediately after a pending swap in Bittensor's subnet pools, and how it differs from front-running and the sandwich attack.
Bittensor Emissions How Bittensor emissions connect newly created TAO and subnet alpha tokens to subnet incentives, validators, miners, and stakers.
Block Reward How much TAO Bittensor creates each block for the whole network, and how supply-based halvings cut that per-block reward over time.
Burn Cost How burn cost names the dynamic recycled-TAO amount required to create a Bittensor subnet.
Burning How burning removes tokens from spendable circulation in Bittensor tokenomics.
Coinbase How the Bittensor coinbase mechanism injects liquidity, accumulates pending emissions, and triggers Yuma Consensus every block.
Conviction and Locked Stake How locked stake builds conviction as a public commitment signal in Bittensor staking.
Crowdloans How a Bittensor crowdloan lets contributors collectively fund an extrinsic execution or transfer, commonly for subnet creation.
Delegation Rewards How a delegator earns a share of a validator's rewards in proportion to the stake it adds, after the validator's take.
Dividends How dividends describe the validator-side emission result produced from bonds and miner incentives in Bittensor.
Dynamic TAO (dTAO) How Dynamic TAO connects network TAO, subnet alpha tokens, liquidity pools, emissions, and validator stake weight.
Emission How emission names Bittensor's process for creating and allocating TAO and subnet-specific alpha tokens.
Emission Split How a subnet's alpha emission is divided each tempo, with documented shares of 41% to miners, 41% to validators and their stakers, and 18% to the subnet owner.
Exponential Moving Averages How exponential moving averages smooth Bittensor flow, bond, and reward signals across repeated updates.
Fees How fees name the TAO cost of network operations in Bittensor.
Flow-Based Emissions How Bittensor previously used net TAO flow to compare subnet-level reserve injection, a model deprecated in June 2026 in favor of price-based allocation.
Front-Running How front-running observes a pending swap in Bittensor's subnet pools and orders ahead of it, and how price protection and the MEV shield blunt it.
Halving How halving describes a scheduled reduction in token emission rate.
Halving Mechanisms How Bittensor uses supply-based TAO and subnet alpha halvings to reduce emission rates.
Impermanent Loss How providing liquidity to a Bittensor subnet's TAO and alpha pool exposes a provider to loss when the alpha price moves, compared with simply holding.
Incentives How incentives name the miner-facing reward portion of Bittensor emissions inside a subnet.
Issuance How Bittensor issuance tracks circulating TAO in tokenomics.
Liquidity Positions How liquidity positions supply range-based subnet liquidity around TAO and subnet alpha pools.
Liquidity Provider Rewards How a Bittensor liquidity provider earns trading fees from staking activity in its price range, and why it cannot earn from its own trades.
Maximum Supply How Bittensor caps TAO at 21 million, and why supply-threshold halvings and recycling shape how issuance approaches that ceiling.
MEV (Maximal Extractable Value) How MEV names the value extractable by manipulating transaction ordering in Bittensor's mempool context.
Miner Incentive How miner incentive names the emission share Bittensor miners receive for their work in a subnet.
Network Min Lock Cost How the network min lock cost global setting sets the floor on the TAO lock cost required to register a new subnet, separate from the dynamic cost that rises with demand.
Price Discovery How a Bittensor subnet's alpha price is discovered through trading in its pool, emerging from buying and selling rather than being assigned.
Protocol Alpha How protocol alpha names subnet alpha accumulated by the Bittensor protocol itself during reserve injection, settled pro-rata when a subnet dissolves.
RAO How RAO serves as the small-denomination unit for TAO amounts in Bittensor.
Recycling How recycling describes protocol reuse or re-emission of tokens in Bittensor supply accounting.
Recycling and Burning How Bittensor distinguishes re-emittable recycled tokens from tokens permanently removed from effective circulation.
Reserve Ratio How a subnet reserve ratio relates TAO reserves and alpha reserves in Bittensor's subnet pools.
Root Proportion How root proportion describes the portion of a subnet's dividend context attributed to TAO staked through the root subnet.
Sandwich Attack How a sandwich attack names a transaction ordering exploit that wraps a target transaction between two adversarial ones in Bittensor.
Slippage How slippage affects Bittensor staking and unstaking when subnet pools convert between TAO and alpha tokens.
Staking vs Liquidity Provision How staking to a validator and providing liquidity to a subnet's pool are two different ways to deploy TAO, earning from emissions versus trading fees.
Start Call How a start call activates a newly created Bittensor subnet so it begins its first emission period.
Subnet Deregistration How Bittensor removes an eligible subnet when the subnet cap is full and a new subnet needs a slot.
Subnet Lease How a subnet lease names the split-profit-ownership arrangement that gives a leased subnet a designated beneficiary and a set of contributor shareholders.
Subnet Liquidity Pools How Bittensor subnet pools connect paired TAO and alpha reserves to staking, unstaking, slippage, and emissions.
Subnet Markets How Bittensor subnets create markets for specialized digital work, evaluation, staking, and emissions.
Subnet Owner Take How a fixed share of each Bittensor subnet's alpha emissions, documented at 18 percent, goes to the subnet owner as stake.
Subnet Registration How subnet registration creates a new Bittensor subnet by paying a registration burn, assigning a unique netuid, and opening a new incentive market.
Subnet Symbol How Bittensor denotes TAO and each subnet's alpha token with symbols, so a quantity can be tied to the subnet it belongs to.
Subnet Weights How subnet weights describe each subnet's relative share of Bittensor emissions under the flow-based emission model.
Sybil Attack How a Sybil attack uses many fake identities to seek disproportionate influence, and why Bittensor's registration cost and stake weighting blunt it.
TAO The network token used in Bittensor incentive, staking, subnet reserve, and emissions context.
TAO Reserve How a TAO reserve describes the TAO held inside a subnet liquidity pool in Bittensor.
Tx Delegate Take Rate Limit How the tx delegate take rate limit sets the block-counted cooldown that paces how often a delegate's take can be increased on chain.
Validator Dividend How validator dividend names the emission share Bittensor validators receive for their consensus role.
Validator Take How validator take describes the share a validator keeps from delegated-stake emissions before the remaining emissions flow to stakers.
Wash Trading How wash trading uses self-dealing to fake market activity, and why Bittensor's automated market maker makes it a costly, self-defeating exercise.

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